Multi-Phase Ijtihad; a Suitable Method for Deducing Economic Jurisprudence Problems
Sayyed Abbas
Moosavian
Faculty Member of Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought
author
رسول
خوانساری
کارشناس ارشد پژوهشکده پولی و بانکی و دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت مالی دانشگاه تهران
author
text
article
2016
per
The economic topics and transactions in Islamic doctrine are often of a confirmatory nature. The economic theorists develop transaction methods and instruments according to the society’s needs. Then the financial jurists examine those methods and instruments within the framework of Shariah’s principles and rules, and choose between them. The challenge faced by economic jurisprudence studies is that this topic is interdisciplinary and there is no valid research methodology in this field. On the one hand, the economic theorists don’t have sufficient proficiency in the jurisprudential complexities regarding financial instruments and they can’t infer the required Shariah-based rules, and on the other hand, these instruments are so complex that one can’t trust a simple fitwa (judgment) in which many of the aspects, details and applications of the issue have not been described. This paper tries to provide a reliable method for inferring the economic jurisprudential issues. In this model, called multi-phase Ijtihad, after presenting a detailed analysis of the issue, the researcher examines its jurisprudential aspects. Then, after considering the views of economic jurisprudence experts on the issue and processing the information, the arguments will be summed up. In case of disagreement, the researcher exchanges views between the experts. When he gets confident, stating the critical points, he presents the issue to the Fiqh scholars in order for them to say their opinion about it, and if they approved, the final jurisprudential rule will be obtained.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
16
v.
63
no.
2016
5
37
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_22808_3ccbc42ac3a1633c706a2da34014e618.pdf
Examining Iranian Economy’s Performance regarding Justice (with an Emphasis on Imam Ali’s Approach in the Treaty of Malik-e-Ashtar)
Mohammadreza
Yousefi Shaykhrobat
Assistant Professor of Economics and Faculty Member, Mofid University
author
مهناز
زندیه
کارشناش ارشد
author
text
article
2016
per
The objective of every religious state, and especially that of the Islamic state, is to assure justice. In this research we examine the Iranian economy’s performance in this regard, with an emphasis on Imam Ali’s approach in the treaty of Malik-e-Ashtar. In the course of data analysis, at first, using quantitative method and the data regarding Gini coefficient and calculating Atkinson index, the first criterion introduced in the treaty of Malik-e-Ashtar, that is, reducing poverty and inequality, is examined in order to assess Iranian economy’s performance. The Gini coefficient and Atkinson index have a fluctuating trend in the relevant period. Thereafter, drawing on the experts’ views, the other criteria mentioned in the treaty are examined using questionnaire and field data gathering. The questionnaire data are analyzed using SPSS19 software. The results show that the score regarding justice in our present society is 2, while the score regarding the ideal society is 5. The gap between the present and ideal situations is calculated at 60 percent. In order to determine the utmost reducible gap between the present and ideal situations through improvement of a presupposed standard, we use another index called “criterion reducibility.” Adopting the dynamic system method and meta-innovative methods exploiting vensim software, the indigenous behavior in the socio-economic system is simulated and examined, and five different scenarios are presented as policy solutions. The results show that if one gives a shock of positive step sort to each of the introduced variables in the different scenarios, the society’s situation regarding justice will be improved in different degrees in the years 2014-2025.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
16
v.
63
no.
2016
39
67
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_22809_abb12e551f23990d0b0586a0010802df.pdf
Money in Islamic Economics in Allameh Tabatabai’s Viewpoint
حسن
سبحانی
هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران
author
علی اصغر
قائمی نیا
بنیاد برکت/مدیر اقتصادی
author
text
article
2016
per
Money is one of the challenging concepts in economics and its interpretations are as diverse as the economic schools. In this study, we try to understand money, not jurisprudentially, but philosophically. The main question here is the nature of money in the philosophic viewpoint. Our hypothesis, following Allameh Tabatabai’s Etebariat discourse, is that "money is a nominal concept". The nominal perception of money has significant implications for Islamic economics, which we explain in this article. Money is of an ordained, contract, hypothetical and nominal nature, so it is not a commodity. Also it is subject to the vital needs and environmental factors, and changes with them. So the diversity of money forms is authorized and, of course, necessary due to the expansion of needs. Money, in each and every form, should only be created against its real analogue. Furthermore, money is relative, temporary and unnecessary.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
16
v.
63
no.
2016
69
89
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_22810_9071d60ba8ddbbcaaa47942a87a40c43.pdf
Game Theory as a Tool for Moral Philosophy; a Historical Explication and a Critical Analysis
سیدهادی
عربی
دانشیار و عضو هیأت علمی پژوهشگاه حوزه و دانشگاه
author
محمدهادی
زاهدی وفا
دانشیار و عضو هیأت علمی دانشگاه امام صادق ع
author
محمدجواد
رضائی
از دانشگاه امام صادق ع
author
مهدی
موحدی بکنظر
از دانشگاه امام صادق ع
author
text
article
2016
per
Moral philosophy is an inquiry about the correctness/wrongness and permissibility/impermissibility of actions, or an inquiry about the arguments beyond our moral beliefs. One of the important areas of recalling moral beliefs or understanding right and wrong actions is the realm of humans’ interactive behaviors. So it seems plausible that “game theory”, as the study of the process and outcome of individuals’ interactions, should have the capacity to be philosophically and ethically investigated. This paper tries to, first, investigate the effect of “some ideas and models in game theory” on “some ideas and theories in moral philosophy and justice studies”, and then critically analyze the validity and fruitfulness of such effects. Research method in the first part is based on the historical studies performed since 1940. The presented critical evaluation is in the form of a theoretical analysis. The findings suggest that some innovations in the game theory have been effective on some ideas and theories in moral philosophy and justice studies. The critical examination of the analytical framework of ideas and theories based on game theory approach shows the shortcomings and difficulties in taking advantage of game theory as a tool for moral philosophy.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
16
v.
63
no.
2016
91
116
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_22811_8192ba435332f9480ae5e75da163beda.pdf
Experimental Economics Application in Bank Resources Allocation: A Case Study of Islamic Banking Contracts
سید مهدی
میرحسینی
دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد علوم اقتصادی دانشگاه مفید
author
محمد نقی
نظرپور
دانشیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه مفید
author
ناصر
الهی
استادیار گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه مفید
author
text
article
2016
per
Experimental economics is a tool that can provide the necessary conditions for achieving reliable results in diverse fields of economic science, and using controlled tests, it can provide valuable, low-cost and reliable achievements for the optimal allocation of bank resources. This article, in the part regarding experimental economics literature, adopts descriptive method and content analysis approach, and in the laboratory-related part, exploits experimental tests. It examines the hypothesis that "experimental economics, in the form of a set of experimental tests, can determine bank-profit maximizing combination of exchange and Musharakah contracts." The results show that considering borrowers, inflation and economic growth in the previous, present and future periods, banks can determine a combination that creates the most amount of profit in resource allocation.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
16
v.
63
no.
2016
117
146
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_22812_32b1cb558efb346d3d0a1fd0913f2b7f.pdf
Factors Affecting Waqf Securities Purchase; Case Study of Education
hadi
amiri
استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان
author
Arman
roshandel
دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد اقتصاد دانشگاه اصفهان.
author
fateme
sadegh poor
کارشناس ارشد اقتصاد اسلامی
author
text
article
2016
per
One of the important prerequisites of economic progress is participation of people in provision of public and quasi-public goods. One of the areas of public participation in the provision of goods and services is "Waqf". Waqf methods have changed to fit the circumstances of time and place. Issuing Waqf securities is a new way that enables different people with different income levels to participate. The main objective of this study is to determine the factors affecting the willingness to pay of individuals to establish a waqf institution for financing education. So, we have used the two stage Heckman model to determine the factors affecting willingness to pay for waqf securities. In this model, as the first stage, the willingness and unwillingness to purchase waqf securities are examined, and then as the second stage, the factors affecting the degree of willingness to pay among those who are willing to do so are evaluated. The results show that, with a 95% confidence level, the head of household’s monthly income, paying fee to school, gender, education level and age are the factors affecting willingness to pay for waqf securities, and job, type of school (public, exemplary-public or private) are factors affecting the degree of willingness to pay for these securities for financing education.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
16
v.
63
no.
2016
147
165
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_22813_5f940cfe708f21291bc2ee8625bc0d19.pdf