Interaction of individuals and institution from the perspective of the Quran and its explanation based on Islamic wisdom
Mohammad Taghi
Nazarian Mofid
PhD in Islamic Economics, Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought
author
Hosein
Mirmoezi
Associate Professor, Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought
author
text
article
2020
per
Question of existence and how the relationship between person and institution and how each influences the other is an important question which is related to the anthropological and sociological foundations of economics. It’s so important that the way to answer this question can be considered the distinguishing point of the old institutionalism from new institutionalism and neoclassical economics. In this article, we first tried to answer from the perspective of the Qur'an to the question of "is the relationship between the individual and the institution is a mono-relativistic or interactive and two-sided interrelationship" and in the following, by means of a descriptive-analytical method, the relationship between the individual and the institution based on the mentioned linear sequences is explained for choice in Islamic philosophy. The result of this research is that, firstly, from the perspective of the Quran, the relationship between the individual and the social institutions is a two-side relationship and in addition to influencing individuals to form and transform social institutions, institutions also affect the values and mental preferences of the actors. Secondly, the human choices consist of three layers of insight, orientation and action, each of which includes different stages. In Almost all priori stages of a choice, except the stage of determination, there is a two-way interaction between the individual and the community that is affecting each other.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
5
32
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44908_70012bdee425977f1ee7bdd77396b3b9.pdf
Ensuring public interest through rational behavior in the new political economy and Nahj al-Balaghah
Nasrullah
Ansari
College of Islamic Humanities
author
mostafa
kazemi najafabadi
Assistant Professor of Research Institute of Hawzah and University
author
text
article
2020
per
How to secure the public interest through individual optimization is the issue of economists' day in both the theoretical and practical fields. How can people who are selfishly motivated to maximize their personal interests be encouraged to pursue the public interest? In answering this question, the new political economy theorists view public interest through individual optimism as simplistic and suggest that economists take this into account when making economic advice to policy makers. According to their analytical framework, rational behavior in incomplete information demands that ordinary people have no incentive to spend in the public goods sector and seek the use of free rides. Pressure groups and bureaucrats exploit their information for self-interest and to the detriment of the public interest, and politicians sacrifice public interest for the sake of power. This analytical framework is incompatible with the behavioral patterns in Islam, one of which is Imam Ali (AS). In the context of the analytically deduced analytic method of the Prophet's words in Nahj al-Balagha, the provision of the public interest is in line with the personal motivation of the individual for their personal benefit. According to this analysis, individuals see their self-interest in the Hereafter benefit, which can only be obtained with the consent of God. The motivation to maximize God's satisfaction, while unifying the rational behavior of the major players in society, simplifies and enhances all behaviors to serve the public interest. The realization of these conditions depends on the monotheistic upbringing of the people of the community, the existence of religious rule and the provincialism of the people.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
33
61
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44909_cebfdea9afc0e671af62f3e67bb3276e.pdf
Analysis of Efficiency and Justice in Conventional and Islamic Economics
(consumption-based exchange economy)
seyedrohollah
ahmadi hajiabadi
humanities department damghan university
author
rafi
hasani moghadam
damghan university
author
text
article
2020
per
One of the basic issues in microeconomic theory is the general equilibrium and how it is achieved, which is presented by Pareto-efficient condition and two fundamental theorems of welfare economics in the conventional economy. The critique of Pareto condition is that access to efficient conditions is not necessarily accompanied by justice, and the existence of economic efficiency does not guarantee fair conditions. On the other hand, in Islamic science and, consequently, Islamic economics, justice has always been emphasized in all fields. Therefore, in terms of Islamic economics, achieving economic efficiency without regard to justice is useless. In this research, the economic characteristics of the Muslim human being are explained and his preferences are modeled mathematically. Based on the model, a rich person gains disutility from the inequality gap between himself and the poor, and donate to the poor in various forms (charity, Khoms, Zakat, etc.). In this model, it has been shown that it is possible to achieve a Pareto condition along with justice without the intervention of any dictator. Also, the optimal amount of financial payments that maximizes social utility is computed. Therefore, it is possible to reach Pareto-efficiency condition with justice by considering the concepts and principles of Islamic economics and the fact that the Muslim person, in addition to his self-utility, pay attention to the interests and utilities of other people.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
63
94
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44910_6d11f786b91ced6c6eabb028144849e4.pdf
مبانی فقهی و موضوعشناسی کارمزد قرضالحسنه در نظام بانکی ایران
Seyed Abbas
Mousavian
Professor of the Institute of Islamic Culture and Thought
author
akbar
keshavarzian
Phd in Economics and Member of the Board of Directors of Post Bank
author
text
article
2020
per
یکی از آموزههای اسلام نهاد قرضالحسنه است و مطابق روایات، قرضالحسنه ثوابی بالاتر از صدقه دارد. این نهاد در طول تاریخ اسلام سیرتکاملی داشته، گاه در قالب قرضهای شخصی، گاه در قالب صندوقهای قرضالحسنه خانگی، محلی و منطقهای بوده بعد از انقلاب و تصویب قانون عملیات بانکی بدونربا، وارد بانکداری شد و بانکها بخشی از منابع خود را به قرضالحسنه اختصاص دادند و امروزه بانکهایی به عنوان بانکهای قرضالحسنه هستند. به اتفاق فقهای مذاهب اسلامی، در قرارداد قرض، اشتراط هر نوع زیاده ربا است. اما سوال این است که بانکها و صندوقهای قرضالحسنه که در انجام فرایند اعطای قرضالحسنه متحمل هزینههایی چون هزینه پرسنلی، اداری، تبلیغاتی و... میشوند میتوانند مبلغی را به عنوان کارمزد عملیات دریافت کنند. گروهی از فقها با استناد به روایاتی که اشتراط هر نوع زیاده را در قرارداد قرض مصداق ربا میدانند دریافت کارمزد را ممنوع میدانند در مقابل گروهی دیگر از فقها با استناد به روایات دیگر، تنها گرفتن منفعت را ربا دانسته اشتراط کارمزد واقعی را مصداق ربا نمیدانند. البته این گروه تاکید دارند که کارمزد نباید بیش از هزینه عملیات قرضالحسنه باشد که اجرای دقیق این موضوع چالشهایی را برای نظام بانکی به وجود میآورد. این تحقیق به بررسی و شفافسازی مبانی فقهی و موضوع شناسی کارمزد قرضالحسنه پرداخته و با تحلیل ماهیت، میزان واقعی کارمزد، نحوه محاسبه و اخذ کارمزد، به تشریح موضوع از جنبههای مختلف و ارایه پیشنهادهایی جهت تدوین استفتا از مراجع تقلید در خصوص اصل جواز، قلمرو و نحوه اخذ کارمزد میپردازد.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
95
125
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44911_e889f7a6a64737fc07b57c58838cddf4.pdf
Analyzing Speculative Transactions in Securities market based on Shariah principles
mohammad
tohidi
faculty member of imam sadiq university
author
text
article
2020
per
Speculation in securities market is an activity in which the trader with buying and selling securities in short horizon, intend to obtain the capital gain raised on price volatility. There are pros and cons for speculation. Some benefits of speculation include: increasing liquidity and efficiency in financial markets, decreasing price volatility, and increasing acceptance of risk. Along with the advantages mentioned, if speculative transactions extensively are developed in financial markets, such deals may cause to raise excess price volatility and speculative bubbles. In this research, at first by the method of library studies, dimensions of speculation include definition, types, effects, and … are studied. in the next step, sharia rules related to speculation have been extracted that include Gharar, Dharar, Tadlis, Akl al Mal Bil Batil, Ihtikar, and … and by the method of multi-level Ijtihad , these extracted sharia rules are analyzed and adapted with speculative transactions. It is noted in this research speculation is studies assuming no market abuse such as manipulation and inside trading.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
127
158
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44912_3b975abf77e835358089044e5319b167.pdf
Modeling the role of immaterial factors in endogenous economic growth with emphasis on social capital in Islamic economics
saeed
farahanifard
q0m university
author
Ayatollah
Zanginezhad
PhD student of Islamic economics, University of Qo
author
text
article
2020
per
The evolution of their theories of development and their application has made them more realistic about the growth process of countries and their income differences. For example, parameters such as human capital and social capital have been incorporated into these models and more emphasis has been placed on them. Given the need to objectify Islamic beliefs in economic behaviors and the importance of improving the quality of people's lives from the perspective of Islam and considering the many qualitative aspects Islamic beliefs In this paper, we attempt to incorporate non-material parameters affecting growth by emphasizing on the factors extracted from the Holy Qur'an conceptually and mathematically and examine the effects of these variables on economic growth. Library Studies and Analytical - Abstract Methods Lee, Mathematical and Mathematical have concluded that by incorporating immaterial factors resulting from religious teachings into the growth model, one can increase the productivity of the factors of production, and thereby increase the availability of various types of capital and national production, so that The national production base has increased and its growth rate is increasing nonlinearly
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
159
187
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44913_133be9669194d80d8620ff8e116c38cd.pdf
Selling at the Market Price in Retailers: Ethical and Islamic Jurisprudential Study
Ali Asghar
Mohammadzadeh
Student of University of Islamic Sciences, Qom
author
text
article
2020
per
Abstract In this paper, after explaining a problem of the business ethics and referring to its general history, it is claimed that retailers do not have to sell goods according to the price of the time of buying, but they have the right to sell their goods at the price market. After the definition, of the property and the economic value, three principles have been used to proof of the claim: 1. necessity of preservation of property, 2. la zarar (لاضرر), and 3. Golden Rule. Finally, in explaining the opposition's arguments like self-sacrifice in Islamic ethics, have been concluded that it is good to sell according to a former price, but it does not obligatory. Two other arguments of the opposition are the principles of asceticism (zohd) and justice. The method of study except rational reasoning is use of the Islamic traditions. We argue from Islamic jurisprudence theories some times.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
189
211
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44914_779cfaffb4ad40f25f05d254cfe0d17b.pdf
A Model for ijareh Sukuk Rating in Iran Capital Market
amir abbas
sahebgharani
ph.d student in accountancy of Allameh Tabataba'i University
author
ghasem
Blue
Assistant Prof. in accountancy of Allameh Tabataba'i University
author
text
article
2020
per
The increasing expansion of financing through the capital market and the introduction of guidelines for the establishment and operation of Credit Rating Agencies, necessitates the development of appropriate credit rating models for financial instruments. On the other hand, the capital market is centered on sukuk bonds, which will be required by the Securities and Exchange Organization, in the case of credit rating agencies, the sukuk rating. the present study has developed a Ijareh Sukuk ranking model. the problems of the issuance of Ijareh Sukuk process, such as the obligatory existence of the guarantor, will be overcome and, on the other hand, the field of transparency of the financing market and the acceleration of the financing process through the capital market will be provided. in this research, after studying the theoretical foundations of the subject matter of the research, including the rules and instructions issued by the securities and stock market organization, the theoretical and scientific principles regarding the rating of securities and the procedures of institutions in the field of credit rating Sukuk rental, The primary model of credit rating for Sukuk rental was extracted, then the dimensions, specifications and indicators of the template were subjected to an expert opinion survey using the Delphi research method .Finally, based on the received comments, the final framework of the credit rating model Sukuk rental was developed in the capital market of Iran. The model generally consists of 2 dimensions including credit rating and fiduciary ranking, and each dimension has components and indicators that form these factors of the conceptual model of credit rating of the rental bonds. in this research, in addition to analyzing the results in classical Delphi format, the Fuzzy Delphi method has also been used to reduce the effect of verbal bias in the research process.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
213
239
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44915_fb8026cfd551130c6db3db8bda9c9323.pdf
A Survey on the Performance of the Credit FinTech and Providing a Business Model for the Credit FinTech Compliant with Islamic Contracts
Hossein
Kourosh pasandideh
Alborz Campus, Tehran university,Iran
author
Ali
Souri
Faculty of economic-Tehran-iran
author
Ghahreman
Abdoli
Faculty of economic Tehran university-Tehran-Iran
author
text
article
2020
per
Today, financial technologies in lending sector have an effective role in microfinance in developed countries. Microfinance is one of the challenging issues of the society due to the bank-centered nature of the Iranian economy. Launching a Peer to Peer credit FinTech can lead to optimal financial resources in micro sections, liquidity withdrawal from speculative activities and financing. This research investigates the performance of the credit FinTech in developed countries and a business finance model is proposed for credit FinTech appropriate for Iran's economy based on Islamic contracts (Civil Partnership Contract) by using analytical- descriptive methods, cross-sectional method and the idea of the experts. Proper policy making in the implementation of the model will improves the financing of individuals - small and medium-sized enterprise, providing facilities with a good interest rate, providing appropriate services, increasing access to individuals, reducing transaction costs, reducing informal lending activity in the socity, increasing social responsiblity and participation of people in economic activities in the society.
Islamic Economics
پژوهشگاه فرهنگ و اندیشه اسلامی
1735-3262
20
v.
78
no.
2020
241
273
https://eghtesad.iict.ac.ir/article_44916_5279a43729c20b6d13c54c92c9ede439.pdf