اقتصاد اسلامی

اقتصاد اسلامی

بررسی الگوهای نیکوکارانه در استان اصفهان و مقایسه آن با سایر استان‌های کشور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
سعید محمدبیگی 1
محمد جواد توکلی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری فلسفه اقتصاد اسلامی، مؤسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی (ره)، قم، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه اقتصاد مؤسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی (ره)، قم، ایران
10.22034/iec.2024.2023811.2721
چکیده
رفتارهای انسان‌دوستانه ممکن است در مناطق مختلف متفاوت باشد؛ به‌عنوان نمونه عامل اقتصادی نوع‌دوست در برخی استان‌های کشور به‌گونه‌ای فرض می‌شود که درآمد خود را عمدتاً برای خویش مصرف کرده و کمتر تمایل دارد برای دیگر افراد کم‌برخوردار جامعه صرف کند. نتایج این مطالعه با استفاده از نمونه‌ای 576 تایی نشان می‌دهد که فرض رایج درباره تمایل کمتر مردم برخی استان‌ها به انفاق و کمک‌های خیرخواهانه صحت ندارد. تحلیل‌های انجام‌شده در این پژوهش با استفاده از روش همسان‌سازی بر اساس نمره گرایش و رگرسیون لجستیک نشان می‌دهند که احتمال مشارکت در فعالیت‌های خیرخواهانه در بین افراد ساکن استان اصفهان و سایر استان‌ها تفاوت معناداری ندارد. تأثیر عوامل دیگری مانند سن و وضعیت تأهل بر میزان کمک‌ها و مشارکت‌های داوطلبانه در بین استان‌ها تقریباً یکسان است؛ بنابراین، این پژوهش شواهدی ارائه می‌دهد که نشان می‌دهد فرضیه رایج درباره عدم تمایل مردم برخی استان‌ها به انفاق و مشارکت‌های خیرخواهانه صحیح نیست. عوامل دیگری فارغ از محل سکونت، بر این رفتارها تأثیرگذارند. این نتایج می‌تواند به شناخت بهتر الگوهای رفتاری اقتصادی و اجتماعی در جوامع مختلف کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
مصرف
دیگرخواهی
اصفهان
رویکرد همسان‌سازی بر اساس نمره گرایش
رگرسیون لجستیک

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating charitable patterns in Isfahan province and comparing them with other provinces of the country

نویسندگان English

Saeid Mohammadbeigi 1
Mohammad Javad Tavakoli 2
1 PhD student of Islamic Economic Philosophy, Imam Khomeini Research Institute, Qom, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Economics, Imam Khomeini Educational and Research Institute, Qom, Iran
چکیده English

Philanthropic behaviors may be different in different regions, for example, the altruistic economic agent in some provinces of the country is assumed to spend his income mainly for himself, and is less willing to spend for other less fortunate people in the society. The results of this study, using a sample of 576 people, show that the common assumption about the lower willingness of the people of some provinces to charity and charitable contributions is not true. The analyzes carried out in this research using the matching method based on the propensity score and logistic regression show that: the probability of participation in charitable activities among people living in Isfahan province and other provinces does not have a significant difference. The effect of other factors such as age and marital status on the amount of donations and voluntary contributions is almost the same among provinces. Therefore, this research provides evidence that shows that the common hypothesis about the unwillingness of the people of some provinces to charity and charitable contributions is not correct. Other factors influence these behaviors regardless of the place of residence. These results can help to better understand economic and social behavioral patterns in different societies.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Consumption
altruism
Isfahan
matching approach based on propensity score
logistic regression

  1.     * قرآن کریم.

    1. ابن‌منظور، محمدبن‌مکرم (1369). لسان العرب. 15ج، بیروت، انتشارات دار الفکر للطباعه و النشر و التوزیع.
    2. ابوعطا، محمد، فرزاد، مسعود (1393). مفهوم و ماهیت حقوقی «صدقه». فصلنامه مطالعات فقه و حقوق اسلامی، 6 (11).
    3. جوادی آملی، عبدالله (1391). مفاتیح الحیات. قم، انتشارات اسراء.
    4. داورپناه، ابوالفضل (1366). انوار العرفان فى تفسیر القرآن‏. 16ج، قم، انتشارات کتابخانه صدر.
    5. راغب اصفهانی، حسین (1374). مفردات الفاظ القرآن. تحقیق صفوان عدنان داوودی. دمشق، انتشارات دارالقلم.
    6. طباطبائی، سیدمحمدحسین (1390). المیزان فی التفسیر القرآن. 20ج، چ2، بیروت، انتشارات موسسه الأعلمی للمطبوعات.
    7. قرائتی، محسن (1383). تفسیر نور. 12ج، تهران، انتشارات مؤسسه درس‌هایی از قرآن.
    8. قطب راوندی، سعیدبن‌هبه‌الله (1365). الدعوات (راوندی). قم، انتشارات مدرسة الإمام المهدی (ع).
    9. مجلسی، محمدباقر بن محمدتقی (1379). بحارالانوار الجامعه لدرر اخبار الائمه الاطهار. تصحیح و تنظیم محمود دریاب نجفی. بیروت، انتشارات دارالتعارف للمطبوعات.
    10. مهرین، عباس (1359). فرهنگ لغات قرآن. تهران، انتشارات گنجینه.
    11. واشیان، عباس‌علی، مهدوی، رؤیا، فارابی، رؤیا، طلوعی ‌خشکبجاری، زهرا (1401). ارتباط بین صدقه‌دادن و درمان بیماری و‌ افزایش عمر. مجله پژوهش در دین و سلامت، 8(4).
    12. Alhidari, I. (2014). Investigating individuals’ monetary donation behavior in Saudi Arabia (Doctoral dissertation, Cardiff University).
    13. Andreoni, J., & Vesterlund, L. (2001). Which is the fair sex? Gender differences in altruism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 116(1), 293–312.
    14. Arsyianti, L. D., & Kassim, S. (2016). Regular charity giving behavior among low-income households in Indonesia. Intellectual Discourse, 24(1).
    15. Auten, G., & Rudney, G. (1990). The variability of individual charitable giving in the US. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 1, 80-97.
    16. Bagby, I. (2017). Exploring the giving practices in American mosques: Why do Muslims give so little to their mosques? Journal of Muslim Philanthropy & Civil Society, 1(1).
    17. Barman, E. A. (2002). Asserting difference: The strategic response of nonprofit organizations to competition. Social forces, 80(4), 1191-1222.
    18. Barrett, K. S. (1991). Panel-Data Estimates of Charitable Giving: A Synthesis of Techniques. National Tax Journal, 44(3), 365-381.
    19. Bekkers, R., & Wiepking, P. (2012). Who gives? A literature review of predictors of charitable giving. Part Two: Gender, family composition and income. Voluntary Sector Review, 3(2), 217–245.
    20. Bendapudi, N., Singh, S. N., & Bendapudi, V. (1996). Enhancing helping behavior: An integrative framework for promotion planning. Journal of marketing, 60(3), 33-49.
    21. Bensaid, B., Grine, F., Nor, M. R. M., & Mohd Yusoff, M. Y. Z. (2013). Ethico-spiritual dimensions of charity: An Islamic perspective. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 13(13), 2.
    22. Birch, L. L. (1998). Development of food acceptance patterns in the first years of life. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 57(4), 617-624.
    23. Bolton, P., Chen, H., & Wang, N. (2013). Market timing, investment, and risk management. Journal of Financial Economics, 109(1), 40-62.
    24. Breeze, B. (2006). Robin Hood in Reverse: exploring the relationship between income and charitable giving. The London School of Economics and Political Science, 3(1), 1-54.
    25. Brooks, A. C. (2002). Charitable giving in transition economies: Evidence from Russia. National Tax Journal, 55(4), 743-753.
    26. Cermak, D. S., File, K. M., & Prince, R. A. (1994). A benefit segmentation of the major donor market. Journal of Business Research, 29(2), 121-130.
    27. Chapman, C. M. (2019). Toward a triadic understanding of charitable giving: How donors, beneficiaries, fundraisers, and social contexts influence donation decisions. The University of Queensland, 1-201.
    28. Cheung, C. K., & Chan, C. M. (2000). Social-cognitive factors of donating money to charity, with special attention to an international relief organization. Evaluation and program planning, 23(2), 241-253.
    29. Clotfelter, C. T., & Salamon, L. M. (1982). The impact of the 1981 Tax Act on individual charitable giving. National Tax Journal, 35(2), 171-187.
    30. Daneshvary, N., & Luksetich, W. A. (1997). Income sources and declared charitable tax deductions. Applied Economics Letters, 4(5), 271-274.
    31. Diamond, W. D., & Kashyap, R. K. (1997). Extending Models of Prosocial Behavior to Explain University Alumni Contributions 1. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27(10), 915-928.
    32. Einolf, C. J. (2011). Gender differences in the correlates of volunteering and charitable giving. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 40(6), 1092–1112.
    33. Engel, J. F., Kollat, D. T., & Blackwell, R. D. (1968). Personality measures and market segmentation: Evidence favors interaction view. Business Horizons, 12(3), 61-70.
    34. Gittell, R., & Tebaldi, E. (2006). Charitable giving: Factors influencing giving in US states. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 35(4), 721-736.
    35. Gorczyca, M., & Hartman, R. L. (2017). The new face of philanthropy: The role of intrinsic motivation in millennials’ attitudes and intent to donate to charitable organizations. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 29(4), 415-433.
    36. Gorczyca, M., & Hartman, R. L. (2017). The new face of philanthropy: The role of intrinsic motivation in millennials’ attitudes and intent to donate to charitable organizations. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 29(4), 415-433.
    37. Guy, B. S., & Patton, W. E. (1989). The marketing of altruistic causes: Understanding why people help. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 6(1), 19-30.
    38. Handayani, N. S., Ab Rahman, S., & Maisu, M. A. (2023). General Property Rights from Sharia Perspective: Strategy for the Implementation of Ummah's Economic Welfare and Justice. Demak Universal Journal of Islam and Sharia, 1(01), 46-56.
    39. Hasan, Z. (2005). Treatment of Consumption in Islamic Economics: An appraisal. KAU, Islamic Economics, 18(2), 29-46.
    40. Hassan, S. M., Rahman, Z., & Paul, J. (2022). Consumer ethics: A review and research agenda. Psychology & Marketing, 39(1), 111-130.
    41. Havens, J. J., O’Herlihy, M. A., & Schervish, P. G. (2006). Charitable giving: How much, by whom, to what, and how. The nonprofit sector. A research handbook, 2, 542-567.
    42. Hibbert, S., & Horne, S. (1996). Giving to charity: questioning the donor decision process. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 13(2), 4-13.
    43. Hibbert, S., Smith, A., Davies, A., & Ireland, F. (2007). Guilt appeals: Persuasion knowledge and charitable giving. Psychology & Marketing, 24(8), 723-742.
    44. Houston, D. J. (2006). Walking the Walk of public service motivation: Public employees and charitable gifts of time, blood, and money. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 16(1), 67–86.
    45. Howard, J. A. (1969). The theory of buyer behavior. John Willey & Sons.
    46. Iannaccone, L. R. (1992). Religious markets and the economics of religion. Social compass, 39(1), 123-131.
    47. Iyer, S. (2016). The new economics of religion. Journal of Economic Literature, 54(2), 395-441.
    48. James, R. N., & Sharpe, D. L. (2007, June). The nature and causes of the U-shaped charitable giving profile. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 36(2), 218–238.
    49. Johari, F., Alias, M. H., Shukor, S. A., Abd Wahab, K., Aziz, M. R. A., Ahmad, N., & Ibrahim, P. (2015). Factors Influencing Repeat Cash Waqf Contribution for Islamic Philanthropy. Malaysian Accounting Review, 14(2).
    50. Karra, N., Tracey, P., & Phillips, N. (2006). Altruism and agency in the family firm: Exploring the role of family, kinship, and ethnicity. Entrepreneurship theory and practice, 30(6), 861-877.
    51. Katz, J. (1999). How emotions work. University of Chicago Press.
    52. Konrath, S., Handy, F., Wright, S., Griffith, K. A., & Jagsi, R. (2023). How Individuals’ Health and Wealth Are Associated with Their Donation Behavior and Motivations. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 1-24.
    53. Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2006). Dirección de marketing. Pearson educación.
    54. Kotler, P., & Levy, S. J. (1969). Broadening the concept of marketing. Journal of marketing, 33(1), 10-15.
    55. Kuran, T. (1989). On the Notion of Economic Justice in Contemporary Islamic Thought. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 21(2), 171-191.
    56. Lambarraa, F., & Riener, G. (2015). On the norms of charitable giving in Islam: Two field experiments in Morocco. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 118, 69-84.
    57. Lammam, C., MacIntyre, H., & Ren, F. (2016). Generosity in Canada and the United States: The 2016 Generosity Index. Fraser Institute.
    58. Lee, B. A., Farrell C. R. (2003). Buddy, can you spare a dime? Homelessness, panhandling, and the public. Urban Affairs Review, 38, 299-324.
    59. Lincoln, R., Morrissey, C. A., & Mundey, P. (2008). Religious giving: A literature review. Science of Generosity, 1-47.
    60. List, J. A. The market for charitable giving. (2011). Journal of Economic Perspectives, 25(2), 157–180.
    61. Lovejoy, K., & Saxton, G. D. (2012). Information, community, and action: How nonprofit organizations use social media. Journal of computer-mediated communication, 17(3), 337-353.
    62. Lovelock, C. H. & Weinberg C. A. (1984). Marketing for public and nonprofit managers. Journal of marketing, 27(1), 25-35.
    63. MacIntyre, H., & Lammam, C. (2013). Generosity in Canada and the United States: The 2013.
    64. Mathur, A. (1996). Older adults’ motivations for gift giving to charitable organizations: An exchange theory perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 13(1), 107–123.
    65. McCleary, R. M. (Ed.). (2011). The Oxford handbook of the economics of religion. Oxford University Press.
    66. McClelland, R., & Brooks, A. C. (2004). What is the real relationship between income and charitable giving? Public Finance Review, 32(5), 483-497.
    67. Mesch, D. J., Rooney, P. M., Steinberg, K. S., & Denton, B. (2006). The effect of race, gender, and marital status on giving and volunteering in Indiana. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 35(4), 565–587.
    68. Micklewright, J., & Schnepf, S. V. (2009). Who gives charitable donations for overseas development? Journal of Social Policy, 38(2), 317-341.
    69. Neumayr, M., & Handy, F. (2019). Charitable giving: What influences donors’ choice among different causes? VOLUNTAS, International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 30, 783-799.
    70. Nicosia, F. M. (1966). Consumer Decision Processes; Marketing and Advertising Implications.
    71. O’Neill, M. (2001). Research on giving and volunteering: Methodological considerations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 30(3), 505-514.
    72. Opoku, R. A. (2013). Examining the motivational factors behind charitable giving among young people in a prominent Islamic country. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 18(3), 172-186.
    73. Patra, S. K., Murthy, D. S., Kuruva, M. B., & Mohanty, A. (2017). Revisiting the causal nexus between savings and economic growth in India: An empirical analysis. Economia, 18(3), 380-391.
    74. Paulin, G. D., & Duly, A. L. (2002). Planning ahead: consumer expenditure patterns in retirement. Monthly Lab. Rev., 125, 38.
    75. Piff, P. K., Kraus, M. W., Côté, S., Cheng, B. H., & Keltner, D. (2010). Having less, giving more: The influence of social class on prosocial behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 771–784.
    76. Policardo, L., & Carrera, E. J. S. (2024). Wealth inequality and economic growth: Evidence from the US and France. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 92, 101804.
    77. Prendergast, G. P., & Hak Wai Maggie, C. (2013). Donors' experience of sustained charitable giving: A phenomenological study. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 30(2), 130-139.
    78. Rahman, M. M. F., Islam, M. A., & Islam, M. A. (2022). Infaq for Sustainable Development: The Pathway to Achieving No Poverty and Zero Hunger in Bangladesh. International Journal of Advanced Research in Economics and Finance, 4(3), 262-278.
    79. Ray, D. (2010). Uneven growth: A framework for research in development economics. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 24(3), 45-60.
    80. Reece, W. S., & Zieschang, K. D. (1985). Consistent estimation of the impact of tax deductibility on the level of charitable contributions. Econometrica, Journal of the Econometric Society, 271-293.
    81. Reed, A., Aquino, K., & Levy, E. (2007). Moral identity and judgments of charitable behaviors. Journal of marketing, 71(1), 178-193.
    82. Salwa Amirah, A. (2017). An investigation on the patterns and antecedents of charitable giving behavior among Muslims in Malaysia/Salwa Amirah Awang (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya).
    83. Sargeant, A. (1999). Charitable giving: Towards a model of donor behavior. Journal of marketing management, 15(4), 215-238.
    84. Saxton, G. D., & Wang, L. (2014). The social network effect: The determinants of giving through social media. Nonprofit and voluntary sector quarterly, 43(5), 850-868.
    85. Shapiro, T. (1974). The development and distortions of empathy. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 43(1), 4-25.
    86. Smith, D. H. (1994). Determinants of voluntary association participation and volunteering: A literature review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 23(3), 243–264.
    87. Smith, S. (2012). Increasing charitable giving: what can we learn from economics? Fiscal Studies, 33(4), 449-466.
    88. Steinberg, R., & Wilhelm, M. (2003). Tracking giving across generations. New Directions for Philanthropic Fundraising, 2003(42), 71-82.
    89. Sukri, N. B., Arshad, A. A. M., Cheng, C. S., Aminuddin, Z. M., & Arshad, A. S. (2023). Factors Influencing Philanthropic Behavior among Youths in Malaysia. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3 (SI)), 525-535.
    90. Warner, J. (2010). The charitable-giving divide. The New York Times Magazine. Available: http://www. nytimes. com/2010/08/22/magazine/22FOB-wwln-t. html.
    91. White, K., & Peloza, J. (2009). Self-benefit versus other-benefit marketing appeals: Their effectiveness in generating charitable support. Journal of Marketing, 73(4), 109-124.
    92. Wiepking, P., & Maas, I. (2009). Resources that make you generous: Effects of social and human resources on charitable giving. Social Forces, 87(4), 1973–1995.
    93. Wright, K. (2001). Generosity vs. altruism: Philanthropy and charity in the United States and United Kingdom. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 12, 399-416.
    94. Wright, K. (2002). Generosity versus altruism: Philanthropy and charity in the US and UK (No. 17). Centre for civil society, London school of economics and Political Science.
    95. R. (1991). Acts of Compassion: Caring for Others and Helping Ourselves. Princeton: Princeton University Press.