As one of the Islamic financial instruments, Qarz al-Hassaneh plays an irreplaceable role in achieving social justice, reducing poverty, and strengthening the spirit of cooperation in society. Given the importance of this institution in the Iranian economy, this article aims to analyze the historical and institutional development of the Qarz al-Hassaneh system and identify the challenges and solutions facing it, using combined methods of content analysis and survey. In the qualitative phase, using systematic content analysis, nearly 150 conceptual codes were extracted from the texts and categorized into five key areas (economic-financial, legal-supervisory, institutional-management, infrastructure-technology, and cultural-social). These codes were used as the basis for designing a questionnaire that was distributed among 384 experts and activists in this field.
The results of the study indicate that the most important challenges facing the Qarz al-Hassaneh system are in the economic-financial (26.8%) and legal-supervisory (19.1%) areas, respectively. On the other hand, the proposed solutions show that the most effective measures to improve this system are focused on the legal-supervisory area (28.5%) in the first priority and the economic-financial area (22.3%) in the second priority. Accordingly, the formulation of transparent laws, the establishment of an independent supervisory institution, the provision of sustainable financial resources, and the provision of tax incentives have been identified as key solutions. These findings emphasize the necessity of a planned transition and the phased implementation of reforms to achieve an efficient and effective Qarz al-Hassaneh system in the Iranian economy.