shortchanging/under-measurement, is a multifaceted phenomenon that is severely condemned in the Holy Quran (Surah Al-Mutaffifin) and is considered, from a jurisprudential (Fiqh) perspective, a major sin and an infringement of financial rights . Tatfif is not merely an individual transgression but constitutes a systemic threat to a society's economic and moral structures. It leads to market instability, a decline in social capital, the undermining of fair competition, and the exacerbation of information asymmetry. This research, employing a documentary-analytical approach and drawing on economic, sociological, psychological, and legal theories, provides a comprehensive examination of the underlying factors and consequences of Tatfif within the economic and social sphere. Ultimately, it proposes the components of a composite index for measuring the prevalence of Tatfif in society. Based on theoretical foundations, the factors influencing this phenomenon include individual variables (such as unethical preferences and economic or religious ignorance), structural-economic variables (such as inflation, inequality, and a weak tax system), and institutional-cultural variables (such as weak social capital, a rent-seeking economic culture, and a low deterrence rate). To measure this phenomenon, indicators such as quality non-compliance rate, quantitative deficiency coefficient, standard deviation, consumer complaints, tax evasion, and governmental violations are proposed. The results of this analysis indicate that combating Tatfif requires comprehensive and interdisciplinary solutions. These include strengthening market supervision, enhancing information transparency, reforming the tax system, and promoting professional ethics. Emphasizing Islamic economics and concepts such as justice in exchanges this study underscores the role of governance in preventing Tatfif through effective policymaking.