The possibility and scope of mathematical studies in Islamic economics are contingent upon its theoretical and social factors. These factors in Islamic economics differ from those in conventional economics, yet they do not pose any foundational or technical obstacles to the application of mathematics; because the subject matter of Islamic economics across the threefold worlds (matter, the Imaginal World, and the Intelligible World) possesses various dimensions that are amenable to mathematical study. Furthermore, mathematics, with its modern branches (regardless of philosophical status of these branches), can serve the analysis of a substantial portion of these dimensions. However, this does not mean eliminating other dimensions in favor of the mathematic dimension, nor does it mean reducing its subject matter to pure mathematics. Islamic economics can utilize mathematical studies (quantitative, formal, and structural) in examining individual and social perceptions, individual and social actions, entities subject to scarcity, the mental and external factors influencing economic action, substantial economic and structural changes, economic attributes, the rate of substantial economic changes, qualitative matters (while preserving their non-quantitative aspects), probabilistic phenomena, with certain conditions are observed, and studying theoretical and conventional economic matters. Methodologically, the realization of these studies depends on the formation of key conceptual models in Islamic economics and indexation based on those concepts. Therefore, the scope and dimensions of the application of mathematics in Islamic economics are subordinate to the specific topics of Islamic economics within each of its sectors; consequently, the realization of mathematics within it operates under a broad range of theoretical content that avoids quantitative reductionism and excessive formalization, while simultaneously remaining immune to absolute rejection of mathematics. Nevertheless, the challenge of truth in the application of mathematics to Islamic economics must not be neglected.