Introduction: In the present era, digital technologies have brought about fundamental transformations in financial and banking systems, and Islamic digital banking is emerging and developing as a combination of modern technologies and Sharia principles. This research aims to design an Islamic digital banking business model based on Sharia principles by examining and integrating three approaches: jurisprudence, technology, and digital economy.
Methodology: The present study is applied in nature and employs a mixed-methods (qualitative-quantitative) approach. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 experts in monetary, financial, and academic fields. Data analysis was performed using thematic analysis and Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). In the quantitative section, the PLS Structural Equation Modeling method was used to evaluate the designed model.
Findings: The qualitative findings indicated that the model consists of 30 basic themes, 9 organizing themes (including: Islamic digital banking infrastructures, human capital and culture, cybersecurity in Islamic digital banking, stakeholder interaction, alignment with the Islamic digital economy, Sharia and jurisprudence in digital banking, jurisprudential digital economy, and social consequences), and 1 overarching theme, derived from 160 open codes. Subsequently, using Interpretive Structural Modeling, Sharia and regulatory policymaking, as well as the relationships among themes, were discovered and prioritized across five levels. The quantitative findings also showed that the designed model has acceptable fitness, and there is a significant relationship between the model and various factors.
Conclusion: The designed model for Islamic digital banking demonstrates that the realization of this system requires the simultaneous integration of three approaches: jurisprudence, technology, and digital economy. According to the findings, "Sharia and regulatory policymaking" has the highest priority in implementing this model. Quantitative validation also confirmed that the proposed model has acceptable fitness. This model provides practical guidance for banks and financial institutions seeking to successfully implement digital banking in compliance with Islamic rulings.